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Inclusions directly influence a diamond’s sparkle. Depending on their size, number, location, and type, inclusions can diminish a diamond’s sparkle by interfering with light refraction and transmission. These factors form the basis of the diamond clarity scale, a standard established by GIA for grading and comparison. This scale is widely respected for its accuracy and consistency.
Key Points
- When evaluating the 4C’s, clarity ranks as the third most important aspect because most imperfections are not visible without at least 10x magnification. Cut is the most crucial 4C.
- Clarity refers to natural, tiny imperfections called inclusions. Diamonds with minimal and smallest inclusions receive the highest clarity grades from GIA.
- To optimize your budget, consider an SI quality diamond, even though it might have very slight inclusions visible to the naked eye upon close scrutiny. Generally, these inclusions are not perceptible.
Clarity encompasses natural, tiny imperfections found in all but the rarest and finest quality diamonds. The fewer the inclusions, the better the clarity. Improved clarity enhances sparkle and light performance. Gemologists name these imperfections as blemishes and inclusions. Typically, they are microscopic and do not noticeably affect a diamond’s beauty.
Clarity Scale
Diamonds classify in clarity from FL to I3. Under 10x magnification, inclusions are examined. Often, inclusions within a certain range are only visible with magnification and discernable mostly by a diamond expert, whereas those in lower clarities that aren’t deemed eye-clean can be seen by the unaided eye.
FL: Flawless
A FL diamond possesses no inclusions or surface characteristics (blemishes) and is extremely rare, representing perfection. Less than 0.1% of gem-quality diamonds fall into this category, typically found in smaller sizes. Even under 10x magnification, a skilled grader cannot detect any inclusions or blemishes.
IF: Internally Flawless
An IF diamond contains no inclusions but may have minor undetectable surface blemishes. Extremely rare and stunning, these minuscule blemishes, such as polish lines, do not impact sparkle and are only noticeable to a skilled grader under 10x magnification.
VVS1: Very, Very Slightly Included 1
A VVS1 diamond has minute inclusions that are very difficult to detect, even by many diamond professionals using 10x magnification. Offering excellent value compared to FL or IF, VVS1 diamonds maintain impressive sparkle, as the inclusions minimally affect light. Most VVS1 inclusions, typically pinpoint and natural, are only visible under magnification from the pavilion and are invisible to the naked eye. Discover more about VVS diamonds.
VVS2: Very, Very Slightly Included 2
A VVS2 diamond also has minute inclusions, slightly more visible than those in VVS1. This grade provides excellent value for higher clarity and does not compromise brilliance. Under 10x magnification, inclusions such as cloud, pinpoint, feather, and natural are seldom discernible. Learn more about VVS diamonds.
VS1: Very Slightly Included 1
A VS1 diamond features minor inclusions that are only visible under magnification. VS inclusions are not noticeable to the naked eye and minimally affect sparkle. The major factor in grading a VS1 is the size of the setting inclusion. Common VS1 inclusions include cloud, feather, needle, crystal, and indented natural. Explore more about VS diamonds.
VS2: Very Slightly Included 2
A VS2 diamond exhibits minor inclusions, slightly larger than those in VS1 under magnification. This clarity grade is favored for its value, allowing budget allocation to other aspects like Cut, Color, or Carat. Though VS2 diamonds may have slightly more and larger microscopic inclusions than VS1, they are not perceptible to the naked eye. Common inclusions include crystal, feather, indented natural, cloud, and twinning wisp. Inclusions in VS diamonds do not significantly affect their aesthetic. Learn more about VS2 diamonds.
SI1: Slightly Included 1
We recommend opting for SI diamonds that possess more inclusions as opposed to a single prominent one. A lone grade-setting inclusion, to be classified as SI clarity, would need to be larger and more visible. SI1 diamond inclusions typically include crystal, feather, twinning wisp, cloud, knot, and indented natural. Despite these minor inclusions, SI1 diamonds shine brilliantly and are often invisible to the naked eye. SI1 is highly favored because it offers a high clarity grade at a competitive price, allowing investment in other aspects like Cut, Color, or Carat. It is advisable to select SI diamonds with off-center inclusions that are proximate to the diamond’s girdle, as these are rarer and thus, may carry a premium. Learn more about SI diamonds.
Be cautious of single crystals or clouds since they can be noticeable or lend the diamond a hazy, cloudy, or milky appearance. When selecting diamonds, always evaluate them individually to ensure excellent quality.
SI2: Slightly Included 2
SI2 diamonds exhibit notable sparkle, although they might contain inclusions visible to the naked eye upon close inspection. Even though most SI2 inclusions are rarely detectable to the unaided eye, SI clarity grades generally provide substantial value. Similar to SI1 diamonds, it’s best to avoid larger, solitary inclusions. The GIA report highlights these inclusions through the diamond plot where they are marked or noted in comments.
Steer clear of SI2 diamonds that have a grade-setting inclusion, such as a prominent center crystal or cloud. In SI diamonds, crystals are often black and hence, more noticeable without magnification. Common inclusions in SI2 diamonds include larger crystals, twinning wisps, feathers, clouds, and knots.
I1: Included 1
Even with visible inclusions, an I1 diamond will shine brightly. Depending on their size and placement, these inclusions can be seen without magnification upon close examination. I1 clarity grades are an economical choice, allowing purchasers to prioritize greater carat weight or preferred color grades. Inclusions in this category have little to no impact on the diamond’s structural integrity, but avoid diamonds with a single, large grade-setting inclusion, as reflections in other facets can make them more noticeable.
Pricing Effect
Clarity differences have a more substantial impact on diamond prices compared to color differences, due to the smaller scale. Thus, price variations between clarity grades can be significant. High-clarity diamonds are much rarer, driving price increases. Since inclusions are often microscopic, finding IF or FL diamonds is exponentially rare, leading to higher prices.
Price differences between clarity grades typically range from 15% to 25%, while differences within the same grade can vary from 5% to 15%. No two diamonds are alike, even within the same clarity grade, and subjective factors (such as the location, size, number, and type of inclusion) can significantly influence prices. For instance, an SI1 diamond with a visible black crystal under the center table is considerably cheaper than an SI1 diamond with a clean feather on the corner, which can be covered by a prong.
When a diamond in a clarity range is priced much lower than others, there is usually a reason. Diamond suppliers are aware of their diamonds’ quality and price them accordingly, hence, chasing the cheapest option is not always advisable.
Laboratory Grown Diamond Clarity vs Naturally Grown Diamond Clarity
Lab-grown diamonds are gaining popularity for engagement rings and jewelry, especially traditional white (clear) lab diamonds. Created in controlled environments with carbon, a diamond seed, high pressure, and high temperature, lab diamonds are produced using two primary methods: High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD).
Inclusions in lab diamonds can occur during growth, cutting, and polishing processes, similar to mined diamonds. CVD diamonds are known for showing more silicon inclusions.
Is Lab Diamond Clarity better than Natural Diamond Clarity?
It’s challenging to distinguish between lab-grown diamonds and natural ones in terms of color and clarity. Both types of diamonds exhibit the same physical and chemical properties, along with identical brilliance. The surefire way to differentiate is by examining their certificates.
At Artful Bracelets, all our diamonds come with an authentic report from a reputable lab. Our lab-created diamonds are graded by the International Gemological Institute (IGI) for cut, finish, proportions, clarity, and color, whereas natural diamonds come with a certification from the Gemological Institute of America (GIA).
Selecting a Clarity
Our essential tips for choosing the right clarity grade:
- Always consider clarity grade in conjunction with the other 4 C’s of diamonds. For example, we don’t recommend selecting a D color diamond with I1 clarity. The most popular clarity grades, VS2 and SI1, offer excellent value without compromising sparkle.
- Select diamonds with inclusions that aren’t centered.
- Visible inclusions are more common in diamonds with a single, large grade-setting inclusion. In diamonds smaller than 0.75 carats, inclusions are typically less noticeable. However, for diamonds over 0.75 carats, opt for an SI1 or better clarity grade to minimize distracting visible inclusions. Moreover, if choosing a diamond with a lower clarity grade, consider opting for a higher cut grade; a well-cut diamond can conceal clarity-setting inclusions, maintaining high sparkle and brilliance.
- Lastly, diamonds with inclusions away from the central facet or table of the diamond are generally more desirable. Inclusions positioned under the bezel facets or near the girdle are harder to detect and can often be hidden when the diamond is set in a ring.
When selecting a clarity grade, also consider the shape of the diamond. Brilliant cut diamonds such as round, princess, cushion, oval, pear, and marquise tend to hide inclusions better than step cuts like asscher and emerald. For a step cut diamond, aim for a clarity grade one level better than that of a brilliant cut diamond.
Diamond Clarity Popularity
Lab Diamond vs Natural Diamond Inventory Percentages (Driven by Demand)
| Clarity Grade (Lowest to Highest) | I1 | SI2 | SI1 | VS2 | VS1 | VVS2 | VVS1 | IF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Diamond Clarity | 1% | 4% | 7% | 30% | 30% | 26% | 1% | 1% |
| Lab Diamond Clarity | 1% | 5% | 10% | 30% | 28% | 21% | 4% | 1% |
These values are estimates and may vary depending on our current inventory.
Expert Tips
- Choose an “eye-clean” (no visible inclusions without magnification) diamond. Such diamonds offer great value as they are significantly less expensive than flawless (FL) or internally flawless (IF) diamonds, which are extremely rare and command high prices.
- If you’re eyeing a diamond with an SI1 or SI2 clarity grade, consult a diamond and jewelry expert to ensure the inclusions aren’t visible to the naked eye. Reach us by phone at 206-623-5339, email at service@artfulbracelets.com, or use our Live Chat available during business hours Monday – Friday, 10 AM – 6 PM ET.
- For diamonds graded VS2 or lower, try to view an image or video of the diamond. Diamonds within the same clarity grade can appear differently based on inclusion size and location. An expert gemologist can help identify the best diamond.
- Diamonds under 1.00 carat that are GIA-certified come with a diamond dossier, which lacks a plot of inclusions. For clarity grades below VS2, consult a gemologist to verify if any inclusions are overly visible. While the certificate provides a good overview, always double-check.
How Clarity is Graded
Gemologists grade diamond clarity at 10x magnification, identifying and plotting as many inclusions as possible. A smaller GIA report called a dossier is typically issued for diamonds under 1.00 carat and does not feature a diamond plot. Diamonds over 1.00 carat include a plot on the GIA certificate.
Clarity grading is a subjective process involving trained gemologists who assess the type, size, location, and number of inclusions before assigning a grade. The diamond plot maps out these inclusions, showing their position and size. The plot on a GIA certificate helps visualize the inclusions, with different symbols representing various inclusion types. Red indicates internal inclusions; green shows surface blemishes, and black indicates extra facets. However, a busy plot with numerous inclusion marks suggests a less desirable diamond. Additionally, always review the comments section on the GIA certificate for non-visible inclusions—smaller inclusions that aren’t visible under 10x magnification are often noted here.
Diamond Inclusion Types
Inclusions are tiny, natural imperfections that form within diamonds either naturally or during the cutting process. All natural diamonds have inclusions, which are essential for identification and differentiation. Finding a diamond with no inclusions is extremely rare and comes with a premium. Below are common inclusion types you may encounter on a diamond or GIA grading report:
Indented NaturalAn indented natural occurs when part of the raw diamond remains unpolished during the cutting process. These can often be located near the girdles of diamonds.
| Inclusion Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Feather | A break in the surface extending inside the diamond, often occurring naturally. Feathers can be transparent and nearly invisible or have a grayish or white appearance under certain angles and lighting. Large feathers near the diamond’s surface or girdle are more visible. |
| Crystal | An inclusion formed during diamond growth, used to determine clarity grade. Crystals within diamonds are commonly black or white. White crystals are usually less conspicuous, while black crystals, often resulting from embedded carbon, are more visible even without magnification. Other colored crystals are rare. |
| Cloud | A collection of tiny pinpoints that together give a slightly hazy appearance within the diamond. Smaller clouds aren’t typically problematic, but when covering a substantial area, they can create a veil of haze, diminishing sparkle. |
| Pinpoint | A micro crystal inclusion visible as a tiny dot at 10x magnification, usually requiring magnification to be seen. |
| Natural | A manufacturing remnant from the diamond’s rough skin left after cutting, typically located on or near the gemstone’s girdle. |
| Indented Natural | A portion of the diamond’s natural rough skin intentionally left on during polishing, often to preserve weight. Unlike a simple natural, an indented natural protrudes inward slightly. |
| Needle | A needle is a thin crystal inclusion that resembles a needle within the diamond. Though as slender as a pinpoint, it is longer and often white or transparent. Single needle inclusions are usually subtle, but clusters or closely packed needles can significantly impact the diamond’s clarity. |
| Knot | A knot is a crystal inclusion that reaches the surface of the diamond. Larger knots are particularly undesirable as they are easily visible even without magnification. |
| Chip | A chip refers to a small nick or opening on the diamond’s surface, often occurring on the edges due to wear, tear, or manufacturing mishaps. It is advisable to avoid diamonds with significant chips. |
| Cavity | A cavity forms when a portion of a feather breaks away, often during the manufacturing process when a small piece of the diamond detaches. While small cavities are generally acceptable, larger cavities should be avoided. |
| Twinning Wisp | A twinning wisp is a clarity inclusion comprising clouds, pinpoints, or crystals, often appearing as a large marking on a diamond plot but typically hard to see. These form due to irregularities in the diamond’s crystal structure during its growth, caused by changing environmental conditions. As a more desirable inclusion than crystals, twinning wisps are often seen favorably. |
| Internal Grading | Occasionally, lines from irregular crystallization are visible under 10x magnification, known as internal graining. These lines, following no particular pattern and crossing facet junctions, are caused by uneven crystal growth within the diamond. When significant, internal graining can appear as larger creases. |
| Surface Graining | Surface graining involves transparent, line-like formations on the diamond’s surface due to irregular crystal structures. Even under magnification, surface graining can be challenging to detect. |
| Etched Channel | An etched channel is a narrow tunnel on the diamond’s surface that extends into its body. While naturally occurring, it can resemble an internal laser drill treatment. Formed as diamonds move towards the Earth’s surface, the clarity grade of the diamond should be examined to determine the impact of this inclusion. |
Beneath, you’ll find examples of the most common inclusions in real diamonds. Keep in mind that magnified diamonds will always reveal unappealing inclusions. Always consult with an Artful Bracelets gemologist to assess how inclusions affect the diamond’s overall beauty.
Crystal
Feather
Cloud
Twinning Wisp
Needle
Pinpoint
Knot
Internal Graining
Sidestones & Accent Diamonds
When purchasing jewelry, it is crucial to consider the quality of sidestones and accent diamonds, especially in three-stone rings or pieces with prominent accents. Gemologists must diligently inspect and select matching stones to ensure the overall appeal of the jewelry. Mismatched stones can make the piece appear odd and unattractive. Larger diamonds usually have more noticeable inclusions, so it’s essential to ensure harmony among accent stones, particularly in halo ring settings. The choice of metal does not influence clarity, which relates more to color.
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